development hell about the Old Testament is summed up in four stages:
1) First the Israelite expected payment during this life. As a typical example we can take on Psalm 37: "I saw the wicked stand triumphant as lush cedar, past and are no longer there, I have tried and most have not found "(Ps 37.35 s.).
A question for this concept is presented in the book of Job in the life of their captain just so much trouble that could be resolved only in the divine wisdom which goes beyond the human horizon.
2) comes a new element, when the sacred writings make reference to different strata in sheol: the wicked is in the deepest part of hell. The satire of Isaiah against the king of Babylon, who died in the war, for example, says. "... you have been plunged into hell, into the depths of the abyss "(Is 14.15, cf. Ez 32.22 to 24) (1).
3) In written closer to the NT, it refers to eternal damnation. We indicate here the Book of Wisdom (4.18 to 5.14) and especially Daniel, "Many who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life and others to everlasting shame and infamy" (Dan 12.2).
4) The image of "fire" and the "worm" go back to the book of Isaiah. Having mentioned the "new heaven and new earth" with the happy fate of the saved, it also speaks of the sentence:
"Coming out, they will see the corpses of men who have rebelled against me: for their worm shall not die, their fire be quenched and will be an abomination for all. "
I saved, leaving the holy city, will see in the valley of Ben-Hinnom, or Ge-Ge-Hinnom (in greek: "Gehenna") The bodies of those who are opposed to God is not yet a clear witness to the eternal damnation, because they are descriptive of the lifeless bodies.
The Valley of Hinnom (2) appears in the Old Testament as a place of worship of Moloch (3). Jeremiah prophesies that will be called "Valley of Slaughter", because it will become the theater of God's wrath: the number of dead will be so great that will be placed also at the shrine of Moloch, the Tophet (who was in that valley). But there will not be, because it serves as manure on the land (4).
Later - as in the Ethiopian Book of Enoch - blend the symbols of sheol (as a place of punishment for the damned) and the hell that is characterized by "darkness" and "worms" (5). "Gehenna" is distinct from its geographic location and then specify the location of "fire" as eternal punishment.
1) On points 1-2, see also Pozo (1990) 398-402.
2) "Hinnom," a personal name, probably means "cry" Pozo (1990) 403.
3) 2 Kings 23.10: "Joy [pious king of Judah] defiled the Tophet, which was located in the valley of the son of Hinnom, why did no one run my own son or daughter in the fire in honor of Moloch. " Cf Jer 7.31; 32.35.
4) Jer 7.30 to 8.3.
5) Paper Ethiopians. Enoch 46.3, 63.6, 108.14.
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